![]() Furthermore, bone density decreases, joint stiffness increases, and there is a small reduction in stature (kyphosis). A decrease in muscle mass is also accompanied by a progressive increase in fat mass and consequently changes in body composition, and is associated with an increased incidence of insulin resistance in the elderly. This is because sarcopenia increases the risks of falls and vulnerability to injury and, consequently, can lead to functional dependence and disability. This involuntary loss of muscle mass, strength, and function is a fundamental cause of and contributor to disability in older people. Muscle mass decreases approximately 3–8% per decade after the age of 30 and this rate of decline is even higher after the age of 60. ![]() One of the most striking effects of age is the involuntary loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, termed sarcopenia.
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